Welcome to our new waterproof drone



The new waterproof quadcopter has arrived and is ready for action.  Unfortunately, we were unable to fly out of the box as the transmitter/receiver combo did not bind, so we replaced the receiver with a high performance Spektrum and it worked perfectly.  This new quadcopter will be used for our marine mammal studies and seabird island mapping projects.  We welcome her to our fleet!

 

AUT Fox "On Thin Ice" with Nigel Latta

After a year of anticipation, the first part of Nigel Latta’s documentary “On Thin Ice” has been shown on TVOne.  (It is now available on TV On Demand for New Zealand viewers at
http://tvnz.co.nz/on-thin-ice-nigel-latta-in-antarctica/index-group-6240118).

During the 2014 K020 Antarctic expedition, Professor John Brooks took two AUT UAVs (the original Hawk and a newly purchased Swampfox, and two ground control stations) to Scott Base.  After the Antarctic Skills Training course, John and the two UAV systems were flown by Squirrel helicopter ZK-IDE to the Taylor Dry Valley.  The first flights were reported earlier in this blog.

After John and the K020 team had been in the Taylor Valley for about a week, a TV3 news crew arrived to make a short clip about the expedition, which included a very short segment on flying the Fox UAV.  This was shown on TV3 news as part of a series reports on Antarctic research.

A couple of days later, Nigel Latta arrived with a small film crew.  They were making a documentary about research in this harsh climate.  The crew spent a whole day filming with the K020 researchers and also filmed in Scott Base and visited several of the research outposts on the continent.

Clearly, Nigel and his team were very impressed with the Fox UAV and its potential for application as a research tool.  The UAV segment lasted for around ten minutes and was narrated by Nigel in his amusing, unscripted style, which infuses the viewer with his enthusiasm for science.  His final comment was that “This is how a schoolboy would conduct research - with a model aeroplane and a big rubber band”.  While not entirely accurate, this comment did reflect his excitement about the technique.

In the few days since the broadcast, John has received much positive feedback on AUT’s use of UAVs in environmental research. 

Promo video for the AUT UAV team

This promotional video highlights our spatial ecologist - Dr Barbara Bollard Breen - and our partnership with Skycam UAV.  It demonstrates a launch sequence and flight with the Swampfox UAV developed by Skycam.  It was filmed as a part of a video to showcase the research we are doing at AUT through the Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand.  Have a look at the website to see the full video http://www.aenz.aut.ac.nz/

Successful data collection (with just one little scare!)

This week's sortie was totally successful from a data collection point of view.

Our first flight netted 706 RGB+nIR images and the second 471 nIR images.  This will keep our research student busy for many hours!  These images will now be taken into Pix4UAV and stitched into 3-D orthomosaics.

The students also walked around the area with our hand-held spectroradiometer, taking measurements of various plants and trees.  We hope that these measurements can be correlated with the UAV images.

What was the little scare?  The Hawk is landed by bringing it back to the launch point and then handing over control to the autopilot to decrease the altitude and deploy a parachute.  The autopilot calculates wind speed and direction and then flies upwind to deploy the parachute, after which the aircraft should float down to land close to the take-off point.

On this occasion, the telemetry reported a wind speed and direction that didn't correspond with my measurements on the ground.  The aircraft flew overhead and we expected it to do another circuit, but it headed off towards some trees and bush to the west of our flying area.  The chute deployed and we had a few moments of 'concern' as it floated towards the trees.  In the event, the landing was in a small clearing and we were able to recover the aircraft without needing to climb trees.


Next week, we will be accompanied by a radio reporter, who wants to talk to our students on-site and obtain suitable sound bites for her report.  We must make sure there are no further exciting moments and that we sound totally professional!

Perfect day for flying

We are heading out to fly the Hawk UAV to collect nIR and nIR+RGB images of our current study site. We flew last week but for some reason when we changed filters on the camera we shut down the camera and it did not restart to capture any images on our second flight! Frustration was felt by the entire team, but with frustration comes learning! We have now modified our protocol to download images after every flight and to reset the camera each time. The pre-flight check list now includes a test firing of the shutter.  We are starting to build an extensive image library and we are looking forward to further work with the Pix4UAV mosaicing software.

Today we are taking two of our master thesis students into the field with us. They will be using the handheld spectroradiometer to collect reflectance data for several species of native trees.


Data indigestion

Following yesterday's successful sortie, I have come across another problem - data overload.

Last night I began to process the RAW data from the camera, converting the 450 or so images to TIFF format for processing in Pix4UAV.  Each TIFF file is about 48MB, so, together with the original files, each flight generated approximately 18 GB of data.  Not surprising that my computer warned that the hard drive was almost full.  Time to call in a large external hard drive!

This raises another issue: besides storage capacity, the computer used for analysing and processing the images into orthomosaics will need to have lots of RAM and a high speed processor.

One thing is clear: in a single week of flying, the UAV Team will be able to submerge researchers in data.

First successful data collection sortie

Today we passed a major milestone.  We went into the field once again and flew the same transects as last time.  The firmware fault in the autopilot had been corrected by our suppliers, Skycam UAV, and we were keen to collect a set of data that could be analysed by our Masters student.

Because the strip of bush that we are surveying is only 1.4NM from a commercial airfield, we need the agreement of the aerodrome operator to fly.  Professor John B wrote a draft Memorandum of Understanding and submitted it to the CFI of the aerodrome operator, an established aero club.  Dr. John and John B went to visit the CFI and the club manager on Tuesday to discuss the form and content of the MoU and came away with an agreed form.

Today's operation was set up in accordance with the MoU; the proposed flight path, times of operation and an annotated Google map of the area was sent to the CFI 72 hours in advance.

After arrival at the operating site, the CFI was contacted to confirm the the operation would take place.  The aircraft was very carefully checked against our standard pre-flight check list, as it had not been test flown after the firmware update.  All checked out and the planned track was loaded into the autopilot.  The Sony NEX5-N camera was installed in the payload bay and the autopilot was set to trigger the camera every 1.8 seconds.  After a short period of monitoring 118.00MHz, the aerodrome circuit frequency, a general broadcast was made to indicate that the Hawk would be launched imminently. 

The launch went without incident, the GCS announced that the Hawk had launched successfully and she headed off, climbing rapidly to our operating altitude of 500ft AMSL.  After the Hawk reached altitude, Navigation Mode was commanded and she headed off on the pre-programmed track.  The camera was turned on and the Hawk made three transects of the bush, returning to the launch point at the end of the track.  Auto-land was commanded and, after a couple of descending circuits, the parachute deployed and Hawk landed gently.  We have still not cured her of her predilection for fences, but she missed it, just!  (This problem is exacerbated by changing wind speed during the descent after parachute deployment, but the landing is probably more gentle than a conventional approach and slide across the ground).

With some trepidation, we removed the memory card from the camera and downloaded the images to Prof B's computer.  Magic!  There were 239 images on the card.

An infrared bandpass filter (720nm up) was fitted to the camera and a second flight was organised.  This too went off without incident and another 213 images, this time nIR were collected.

A call was made to the aerodrome to state that the Hawk UAV operation was complete, the A/C and ground station were packed up and we headed back to Auckland Central.

There is a lot of work to do, analysing the 452 images with Pix4UAV, and we hope to repeat the operation in about a week, this time carrying our vegetation stress camera over the same flightpath,

There is quite a lot of preparation for our next sortie - charging of batteries, issue of intent to fly, arranging for the team to be available at the same time (not so easy during semester), booking the vehicle, and cleaning the mud off the equipment; it is still winter here!




Infrared Image of the bush from about 350 ft

First data collection sortie

Friday 24th May 2013 saw another major milestone met.  We took the AUT Hawk to a location close to a patch of native bush to collect RGB and nIR images.

Our intention is that these images will be integrated with ground truthing data collected by students using a handheld spectroradiometer.

Not everything went according to plan, but we learned a great deal about our operations and in the process carried out further training for Barbara, who had been unable to come out on field trips with us since September 2012.

Planning for the sortie began the previous week, and John B spent a day preparing the UAS and programming a series of photographic transects to be flown by the Hawk.  Using the Hawk simulator, it appeared that the flights would collect images from overlapping transects for later analysis.

The day was perfect for our operation - bright sunshine with wind approximately 5kph and forecast for only occasional showers.

First lesson:  follow the checklist in its entirety.  As a pilot, John B knows the importance of this and pointed out that the team had jumped a couple of steps.  This became apparent after the first launch, when the aircraft went into navigation mode but failed to commence photography.  The aircraft was recovered and we found that the software was looking for the FLIR camera, rather than the Sony NEX5-N.

Second lesson:  after a photographic sortie, check the results before a second flight.  After we returned to AUT, John B removed the SD-RAM card from the camera to download the images, only to find two nIR photographs, rather than the 200 or so that we expected.  Clearly, we still have a programming issue with the automatic camera triggering.

After the flights, we conducted a short debriefing, picking out important points for improvements in future operations.  This was good practice for the team.  We hope to repeat the exercise this week with greater success.  A careful review of the programming and testing of the camera operation will be required before further flight.

In the mean time, the team will be updating their logbooks to reflect the new hours flown.

Below are a few pictures from the field trip.

 John B running through the pre-flight checklist.  Note the hi-tech paper rubbish sack sun screen around the computer monitor!

 John R testing the pitot tube operation


John R prepares to launch the Hawk while Barbara operates the GCS

Barbara monitors the progress of the flight on the telemetry screen